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NEW QUESTION # 19
The hip joint is what type of joint?
- A. Pivot joint
- B. Hinge joint
- C. Ball-and-socket joint
- D. Cartilaginous joint
Answer: C
Explanation:
The hip joint as well as the shoulder joint can move in all directions. They are ball-and-socket joints. A hinge joint can only move in one plane, such as with knee flexion and extension. A cartilaginous joint is a strong joint that is very slightly movable, such as intervertebral joints. A pivot joint is a joint in one plane that permits rotation, such as the humeroradial joint.
NEW QUESTION # 20
All of the following are benefits of increased flexibility EXCEPT
- A. Improved circulation
- B. Increased range of motion
- C. Increased chance of muscle injury
- D. Improved coordination
Answer: C
Explanation:
Flexibility training has a number of benefits, including increased circulation, increased range of motion, improved muscle coordination, and decreased future chance of muscle injury.
NEW QUESTION # 21
A client in the precontemplation stage of behavior might think to himself:
- A. "I am so proud I lost weight!"
- B. "I am really thinking about how to lose weight."
- C. "I have a plan to lose weight."
- D. "I just can,t lose weight."
Answer: C
Explanation:
There are five stages of behavioral change. Listed in order of unwilling to change to readiness to change, they are precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance. People in precontemplation often say, "I can,t" or "I won,t" about being able to change. People in the contemplation stage often say, "I just may change" or "I,m thinking about it." People in the preparation stage have actively decided to take action at some point soon. In the action stage, a person has decided to implement a consistent change, but has been implementing the new behavior for less than six months. If a person has consistently implemented a change for more than six months, he or she is in the maintenance stage.
NEW QUESTION # 22
Which of the following conditions is an absolute contraindication for exercising during pregnancy?
- A. Poorly controlled hypertension
- B. Heavy smoker
- C. Poorly controlled seizure disorder
- D. Ruptured membranes
Answer: A
Explanation:
Recent research supports a role for exercise programs during pregnancy. Goals of this type of program can include reducing low back pain and decreasing the risk for developing gestational diabetes. However, there do exist a number of absolute contraindications. Some of these include ruptured membranes, placenta previa after 26 weeks of gestation, premature labor, preeclampsia, and high-risk multiple gestation pregnancies. In contrast, relative contraindications include the individual being a heavy smoker, having poorly controlled diabetes or seizures, or having poorly controlled hypertension or hyperthyroid disease.
NEW QUESTION # 23
The type of stretching that requires assistance from a personal trainer is called
- A. Ballistic stretching
- B. Passive stretching
- C. Active stretching
- D. Static stretching
Answer: D
Explanation:
In passive stretching, a client remains relaxed, allowing a trainer to stretch the clients muscles. Ballistic stretching, which involves a bouncing-like movement, can cause injury to muscles if not performed carefully. Static stretching involves movements that are deliberate and sustained. Active stretching involves stretching muscles throughout their range of motion.
NEW QUESTION # 24
The body recruits type I muscle fibers for activities of
- A. long duration and high intensity
- B. long duration and low intensity
- C. short duration and high intensity
- D. none of the above
Answer: B
Explanation:
The body has two types of muscle fibers: type I and type II. Together, these muscle fibers can do all types of tasks. However, the body recruits each type during different activities or specific times of an activity, depending on the type and duration of motion required. Type I muscle fibers, also called slow-twitch fibers, are used for activities of long duration and low intensity, such as those involving endurance. In contrast, type II muscle fibers are employed for high-speed, high- power tasks. These muscle fibers are capable of generating force more quickly than type I muscle fibers.
NEW QUESTION # 25
All of the following can help the client-trainer relationship EXCEPT
- A. Accepting your client for what she is able to do, even if others her age are able to do more
- B. Keeping information between the two of you confidential
- C. Asking your client about his week
- D. Answering a text or phone call during a session
Answer: A
Explanation:
A number of factors can help facilitate a beneficial working relationship between a client and a trainer. These can include being present in the moment, maintaining confidentiality, being interested in your client,s life, giving helpful feedback and treating your client in a positive way. Along those lines, it is important to accept clients at the level they are currently at rather than comparing them to others.
NEW QUESTION # 26
The joint movement that results in an increase of the joint angle is called
- A. Adduction
- B. Abduction
- C. Extension
- D. Flexion
Answer: C
Explanation:
When a joint is extended, the angle of the joint is increased. Flexion is the opposite of extension, and causes the joint angle to decrease. Abduction refers to movement that is directed away from the midline of the body. The opposite of abduction is adduction. Adduction describes movements that are made toward the midline of the body.
NEW QUESTION # 27
Older adults should engage in an aerobic exercise program that provides which of the following?
- A. 30 minutes, 3 days a week of moderate intensity aerobic activity
- B. 25 minutes, 3 days a week of mild intensity aerobic activity
- C. 30 minutes, 5 days a week of moderate intensity aerobic activity
- D. 20 minutes, 5 days a week of vigorous intensity aerobic activity
Answer: D
Explanation:
If their medical issues allow it, individuals over the age of 65 can and should participate in exercise training programs. Aerobic, or cardiorespiratory, exercise can decrease morbidity and mortality rates in older individuals. The recommendations are for older individuals to engage in moderate intensity aerobic activity for 30 minutes, 5 days a week (150 minutes total), or to engage in vigorous intensity aerobic activity for 25 minutes, 3 days a week (75 minutes total). People can also do a combination of both.
NEW QUESTION # 28
Common complications of diabetes include all of the following EXCEPT
- A. Hearing problems
- B. Kidney problems
- C. Vision problems
- D. Peripheral nerve problems
Answer: C
Explanation:
Diabetes can lead to kidney problems (nephropathy), trouble seeing (retinopathy), and decreased sensation of peripheral nerves (peripheral neuropathy). If these conditions are present, a trainer needs to adapt an exercise program accordingly. Some precautions that can be taken include keeping the blood pressure stable for retinopathy, avoiding exercise requiring high levels of coordination for peripheral neuropathy, or avoiding prolonged exercise for nephropathy.
NEW QUESTION # 29
What food information is NOT present on a food label?
- A. amount of cholesterol in a serving
- B. amount of calories in a serving
- C. amount of caffeine in a serving
- D. amount of protein in a serving
Answer: D
Explanation:
Labeling on food packages is helpful in determining a number of characteristics of a food, including the ingredients, serving size, and nutrients present in the food. Food label information is based on a 2,000 calorie diet. It provides the percent daily value for the amount of fats, cholesterol, sodium, potassium, carbohydrates, and protein present in a serving size. While caffeine will be listed as an ingredient if it is present in the food, the specific amount of caffeine will not be listed.
NEW QUESTION # 30
Which of these muscles is not part of the Rotator cuff?
- A. Supraspinatus
- B. Infraspinatus
- C. Teres minor
- D. Teres major
Answer: D
Explanation:
The Supraspinatus is an abductor of the arm. The Infraspinatus and Teres minor are both external rotators. The Subscapularis is the missing muscle of the rotator cuff.
NEW QUESTION # 31
All of the following are true of intermittent claudication EXCEPT
- A. People with diabetes have a greater risk of having intermittent claudication.
- B. Symptoms associated with intermittent claudication are reproducible.
- C. Intermittent claudication does not usually occur when a client stands or sits.
- D. Intermittent claudication usually goes away within 10 minutes of stopping an exercise.
Answer: A
Explanation:
When an individual has intermittent claudicatiox he or she develop pain in a specific area with exercise due to inadequate blood flow to that specific muscle. This pain can be reproduced from day to day. It usually does not occur when a client is sitting or standing. People with coronary artery disease or diabetes are prone to developing intermittent claudication. However, once the exercise that precipitated the pain has stopped, the pain should go away within one to two minutes.
NEW QUESTION # 32
All of the following classes of nutrients provide sources of energy EXCEPT
- A. carbohydrates
- B. fats
- C. proteins
- D. vitamins
Answer: D
Explanation:
Carbon is critical for the energy, production process. Proteins, fats, and carbohydrates-which are all sources of carbon-contribute to a number of functions in the body. They help provide energy so that muscles, nerves, and metabolic processes work normally. Energy, is measured in calories (cal) or kilocalories (kcal). When individuals exercise, they can ,turn" energy,, more quickly. Vitamins and minerals are critical for providing essential nutrients that the body needs to maintain normal function: however, they are not a source of energy.
NEW QUESTION # 33
An example of active listening is
- A. "Great job your exercises this week!"
- B. didn,t you do this exercise this week?"
- C. "So you are saying that you didn,t understand how this exercise was supposed to feel?"
- D. "How did your big project at work turn out?"
Answer: C
Explanation:
Active listening is a technique than enhances communication. It involves conveying what the client says back to the client, so that the individual feels they are being heard and understood. The client tells you how he or she feels or what he or she thinks, and you repeat or paraphrase it back to the individual. This technique provides the opportunity for clarification in the event that the client actually meant something else. When actively listening, it is helpful to let the other speak without interruption and to maintain eye contact and focus on the client.
NEW QUESTION # 34
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